Tension headaches
Tension-type headaches can be defined as either episodic or chronic. Episodic tension headaches are usually associated with a stressful event. They are moderate in intensity, self-limited, and usually responsive to non-prescription pain relief. Chronic tension headache often recurs daily and is associated with contracted muscles of the neck and scalp. This type of headache is bilateral and usually across the forehead or over the back of the head and neck.
Tension headaches is the most common type of chronic head pain. Previously it was presumed to be caused by muscle contraction of the pain sensitive scalp however there is little evidence that this is the sole factor involved.
The International Headache Society criteria for tension-type headaches states that 2 of the following characteristics must be present:
- Pressing or tightening (nonpulsatile quality)
- Frontal-occipital location
- Bilateral - Mild/moderate intensity
- Not aggravated by physical activity
Tension headache treatment
Various types of treatments have been utilised for tension headaches. These include:
- Hot or Cold packs
- Oral medications - e.g. NSAIDs and paracetamol are used acutely and TCAs (e.g. amitriptyline is used regularly to prevent the tension headaches)
- Physiotherapy - active treatment with ultrasound or electrical stimulation. Education in regards to improving posture, stretching and regular exercise
- Trigger point injections and occipital nerve blocks can be conducted by neurologists or musculoskeletal physicians
- Relaxation - e.g. meditation can be helpful. Studies have demonstrated that patients with chronic headaches have low levels of cortisol that can normalise with meditation over time
Get frequent migraines? Act now!
If you or a member of your family suffer from frequent migraines then we may be able to help. Simply contact us to book an appointment for assessment and treatment at one of our clinics (or if you have any questions).
